Celiac Disease is defined as an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Some examples include bagels, bread, cookies, muffins etc. It's always important to check labels before purchasing. Celiac Disease triggers an immune response in your small intestine. It can include, but not limited to gluten sensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome that could respond to a gluten free diet. Screening for Celiac Disease can be performed through a blood test, with the definitive diagnosis made with endoscopic biopsy. There are many healthy nutritious gluten free foods available that could allow people who suffer from Celiac Disease to enjoy eating. Consultation with a physician is recommended to ensure that this condition is monitored and properly treated.
Who gets Celiac Disease:
It's a common disorder, with recent population studies indicating a prevalence of one in 300 people in Europe.
Celiac Disease is higher in first degree relatives who already have the disease (10-15%) and in other at-risk groups, practically patients with down syndrome, type 1 diabetes, or IgA deficiency.
Celiac Disease is seen more frequently in women with a female-to-male ration ranging from 2:1 to 3:1.
Serological Tests
Used clinically since the 1970s for celiac disease is antigliadin antibody (gliadin is the alcohol soluble fragment of gluten). Since then, other antibodies have been discovered including anti reticulin, anti jejunal, and endomysial antibody (EMA).
The endomysium is the perivascular connective tissue which lines smooth muscle bundles. It has recently been suggested that the target antigen in endomysium is tissue transglutaminase.Tissue transglutaminase is a ubiquitous calcium dependent enzyme that crosslinks proteins. When it reacts with gliadin, neoepitopes are formed. It is thought that the immunological response to these neoepitopes may initiate the mucosal damage in celiac disease. Tissue transglutaminase (TTG) is also used to screen for celiac disease.
Diagnosis
Histology of small bowel biopsy specimens remains the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Features recognized include villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, degenerate surface epithelial cells, and an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. However, the severity of these changes is variable, with some untreated patients having a raised intraepithelial lymphocyte count alone.
Celiac disease is a curable condition which, left untreated, may result in nutritional deficiency and malignancy,particularly T cell lymphoma of the small bowel. Early diagnosis and treatment is therefore important. It is thought that the risk of malignancy is reduced by strict adherence to a gluten-free diet...
Diseases associated with Celiac Disease:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Down syndrome
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Turner syndrome
Gluten-free whole grains:
quinoa
brown rice
wild rice
buckwheat
sorghum
tapioca
millet
amaranth
teff
arrowroot
oats (make sure they’re labelled as gluten-free as they may be contaminated with gluten during processing.)
Grains to avoid:
Bread
Crackers
Graham
Bulgur
Pasta
Baked Goods
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